At the recent APEC Summit, it was revealed that the increased in protectionism and trade wars as top risk to Asia-Pacific economic growth.
The thirteenth annual State of the Region report for 2018-19 from the PECC includes results of a survey of 529 regional policy experts on key developments and challenges that the Asia-Pacific region is facing.
According to the survey the top five risks to regional economic growth in the next two to three years are:
• Increased protectionism and trade wars – 62.1%
• Possible slowdown in world trade growth – 43.9%
• Possible slowdown in the Chinese economy – 43.3%
• Lack of political leadership – 36.1%
• Corruption – 32.7%
In 2019, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to grow by only 3.7% which is a significant downward revision from
forecasts made earlier in 2018. This is a result of materialization of risks to growth such as trade conflicts, higher commodity prices, rising interest rates and volatile capital markets.
A slowdown in world trade growth and the Chinese economy also weighed in heavily among respondents. 42.7% of respondents expect that economic growth in the Chinese economy would be weaker in the upcoming year. However, India (42.3%) and Southeast Asia (49.1%) are expected to have stronger economic growth. This was in contrast to respondents’ views for the global economy, with only 26.4% expecting stronger growth.
Mr. Eduardo Pedrosa, Secretary General of the PECC, said “While protectionism has clearly been on the rise, it is slightly reassuring there are liberalizing measures undertaken by Asia-Pacific economies. These include the conclusion of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on TransPacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the ongoing negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which should provide a critical amount of policy certainty that would encourage business investment.”
Mr. Don Campbell, Co-chair of the PECC, said: “In the backdrop of what some have called ‘the biggest trade war in economic history’, it is important that political and business leaders recognise the need to manage economic concerns by having clearly defined policies that encourage cooperation and coordination with one another. Only then can regional economies successfully navigate the challenges arising from technology and integration.”
The Report also studied the impact of technical advancement on workforce in the region by 2030. Occupations with lower skills requirement are likely to be impacted the most with 64.1% expecting a decrease in the number of clerical support workers, followed by 59.1% for plant and machine operators; 58% for labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport; and 56.5% for personal services and sales roles. With a reduction in jobs, around half of respondents expected surpluses of workers in these same professions in Asia-Pacific by 2030.
Reflecting the rise of new technologies and Asia-Pacific’s aging population, the greatest occupational shortages are expected to be in science and engineering professionals (59.2%); elderly care workers (56.3%); and information and communications technology professionals (55.3%). Additionally, respondents ranked critical thinking (75%), complex problem solving (71.8%) and creativity (61%) as being the hardest employee skill-sets to find in their economies by 2030.
The vast majority of those surveyed feel their economies are unprepared to deal with the training, upskilling and possible disruption from new technologies in their economy. Three quarters (76%) say their labour markets and social security systems are not fully prepared, while 66.7% feel their education system is unprepared – with little difference seen between emerging and developed economies.
Mr. Pedrosa said: “The report advises that how well economies adjust to technological change will
depend on its capacity to match the skills on offer by all available workers with the skills required.
Technological advancement is also expected to create significant occupational and structural change,
increasing the quality of workforces while decreasing the quantity required. It is important for policy
makers to understand the impact of technology on the nature of work and how to enable smooth,
seamless transitions.”
The research on the future of work was prepared by Professor Kostas Mavromaras, Director of the Future of Employment and Skills Research Centre (FES), Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide.
APEC continues to be recognised as an important institution among stakeholders. 63.4% of respondents agree that it is as important or more important today compared to when it was created in 1989 and 68% agree that APEC should focus its work on trade policy to achieving a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP).
The top five priorities that APEC leaders should address are:
• Rising trade tensions and the future of the World Trade Organization and multilateral trading system
• The emergence of anti-globalization & anti-trade sentiments
• Progress on the APEC growth strategy to promote balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth
• Progress towards the Bogor Goals and the FTAAP
• Investing in human capital development in the digital age
Mr. Su Ge, Co-chair of the PECC, said: “It is reassuring that the APEC continues to be held in such
regard and for it to be recognised as an important institution among stakeholders, helping economies
to successfully navigate the changing world, with a much clearer focus on structural policies and
inclusive trade at its core.”
