The education sector received the highest allocation of more than RM67 billion in 2022 as announced in the year’s budget speech. While there have been progress educationists feel that there can more initiatives in the higher education sector if accorded a larger allocation in Budget 2023.
According to CGS-CIB Research, Malaysia’s GDP is likely to moderate to 4.1% in the year 2023, from 5.2% in 2022. When economic growth shows signs of slowing down, it is time to invest more in human capital development.
Heriot-Watt University Malaysia’s (HWUM) believes a greater allocation for the higher education sector, will enable Malaysia to move toward its goal of becoming a high-income nation through both green and digital transformation, contributing to Malaysia’s overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Professor Mushtak Al-Atabi, Provost & Chief Executive Officer of Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, in a note said to make this a reality, Malaysia must focus on fully realising its human potential. This begins by supporting local students achieving enhanced educational outcomes through improving schooling quality and providing adequate social welfare protection for household investments in human capital.
Here are some key considerations for achieving the overall GDP, which is primarily supported by the goal of transforming Malaysia into a high-income economy by 2025 through improved education and talent development programmes.
A. Positioning Malaysia as the Preferred Education Hub in Asia Pacific for Tertiary Education
I. The Malaysian higher education sector is worth RM30 billion per year; with much potential to contribute to the overall GDP, we must devise innovative solutions to triple this figure. This can be mainly achieved through attracting more high-quality international students.
II. Malaysia should aspire to be a pioneer in education through the delivery of quality, cost-effective and innovative digitally transformed educational programmes and global transfer opportunities (leveraging the 10 international universities currently operating in Malaysia) to position Malaysia as an educational hub for tertiary education (including postgraduate and doctoral degrees) to nurture high-skilled global citizens.
III. To enable Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to attract expatriate academic staff in areas where the country lacks talent, it will help to offer them tax holiday for two to three years. We should emulate China’s best practices on this.
IV. Government sponsorship of students to study abroad can be redirected to universities in Malaysia. This will not only help reduce the budget expenditure but support local industries and outflow of MYR at a time of depreciation of MYR against USD or AUD.
B. Improving the Quality of Local Graduates and Talent to Meet the Demands of the Digital Future
I. While much emphasis is placed on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM); enabling our students to be equipped with the knowledge and skills on digitisation and the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), positive education must also be part of the curriculum and pedagogy to promote resilience.
II. There must also be more awareness campaigns on overall well-being including mental health and the environment.
III. In addition, there must be equal access to education for underserved communities to ensure equal and wider access to sources of quality higher education materials.
IV. The educational programmes offered must be recognised, accredited, and certified by both local and international bodies.
V. The government can consider providing double tax deductions for scholarships awarded to students by Private Higher Education Institutions to widen access to education.
VI. To alleviate the financial burden of parents taking loans for children education from bank, interest paid can be claimed via personal tax relief. This is to promote the continuity of learning for Malaysian children despite challenging times.
VII. As for PTPTN loans, we would like to suggest that the loans cover the full fees to enable students to pursue high quality education programmes that are needed by the economy.
C. Technology
I. While we applaud the government’s goal of making Malaysia a carbon-neutral nation by 2050. We would like to emphasise that in order to meet this goal, all key industries must understand and quantify their current emission levels and start developing plans to deliver the 2050 target.
II. Efforts should be increased to accelerate the growth of a green economy, including the introduction of green financial instruments and technologies that promote a more sustainable future. To accomplish this, we must first promote education to raise awareness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles.
III. This concerted effort, as well as a high level of green commitment and investment, would necessitate highly skilled talent tied to high-wage jobs. The growth target should ideally create jobs with comparable income brackets, allowing local graduates to have purchasing power that contributes to a healthy overall GDP.
IV. As a solution, the government would need to introduce green policies and tax reliefs to promote the concerted effort across all key economic sectors.
D. Research and Development
I. According to the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP), research and development (R&D) expenditure to account for 5.2% of GDP by the year 2025, versus 1% in 2020, with private sector to account for 70% of expenditure. There needs to be an investment that would encourage public-private partnerships and collaborations especially in research and development to provide innovative solutions to global challenges and at the same time, raise the value and quality of education in Malaysia. Tax incentives can facilitate these initiatives.
II. Reintroduce the MYBrain grant to support students who want to pursue postgraduate studies.
E. Mitigating the brain drain
I. Enhancing the youth employability should remain a priority. This can be achieved through a combination of offering industry relevant programmes and increasing the quality of education, in general.
II. More funding should be allocated to programmes for talent retention, an indeed
reversing the brain drain into “brain gain”. To maintain our best talent and re- attract Malaysians working overseas, we would require clear incentives and policies. Countries such as Singapore, Thailand, United Kingdom, Australia, and others have introduced programmes to attract global talents to their shores, including post graduate visas for international students. Malaysia could benefit from retaining international graduates in areas like data science, robotics, computing, and other areas where talent is scarce.
III. Further, we must also prepare our youth to pivot and be part of a global workforce. With the endless possibilities brought about by our borderless world, enabling our knowledge workers to work for global companies in Malaysia, will enable them to contribute to Malaysia’s economy.
In summary, Malaysia must begin to fully realise its human potential and fulfil the country’s aspiration of achieving the high-income and developed country status, the way forward is to assist local students to advance further in education by enhancing the quality of schooling to improve learning outcomes and providing adequate and social welfare protection for household investments in human capital formation.
HWUM remains committed to nurturing purpose-driven, future-ready leaders through its ‘Positive Education’ approach.
