Despite Malaysia recording improved self-sufficiency across a range of food commodities in 2025, with 23 commodities achieving self-sufficiency ratios (SSR) above 100%, the country remained heavily dependent on imports for several key food items, according to the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM).
Among selected fruits, papaya recorded the highest SSR at 132.3%, followed by watermelon at 124.9% and starfruit at 122.1%.
For vegetables, french beans posted the highest self-sufficiency ratio at 114.3%, while tomatoes stood at 109.4%.
In the livestock category, duck meat recorded an SSR of 127.1%, followed by chicken eggs at 108.6%. For fisheries, tuna led with an SSR of 118.6%, followed by seabass at 114.0%.
Despite these gains, DOSM said import dependence remained high for several commodities.
The livestock sector continued to rely heavily on imported mutton, with an import dependency ratio (IDR) of 90.7%, and beef at 82.6%.
Among crops, ginger recorded an IDR of 82.7%, while chilli and round cabbage posted import dependency ratios of 67.9% and 59.0%, respectively.
Squid was the most import-dependent commodity in the fisheries category, with an IDR of 68.0%.
DOSM’s per capita consumption indicator also highlighted the amount of selected commodities available for consumption in 2025.
Rice availability stood at 77.1kg per person per year.
Among fruits, coconut recorded the highest availability at 26.4kg per person annually, followed by durian at 16.4kg and pineapple at 12.2kg.
For vegetables, round cabbage recorded 8.7kg per person per year, followed by tomatoes at 7.2kg and mustard at 4.7kg.
Chicken meat remained a major component of the Malaysian diet, with availability of 54.4kg per person annually, while chicken eggs stood at 21.4kg, equivalent to about 357 eggs per person per year.
For fisheries, mackerel recorded per capita availability of 5.6kg annually.
The figures underscore Malaysia’s mixed food-security position, with strong domestic production in several commodities but continued exposure to imports for products such as mutton, beef, ginger, chilli and squid.
